Amelia+&+Louise

Amelia & Louise's Project: The treatment of the Crusades from the Muslim perspective.

Nine hundred years after the Crusader capture of Jerusalem, it is now time to reflect on how the phenomenon of the Crusades influenced the Muslim world, then and now, militarily, culturally, and psychologically.... -Carole Hillenbrand



Carol Hillenbrand is an British Professor of Islamic History at the University of Edinburgh, and is currently the vice-president of the British Society for middle eastern studies. She was also the first non-Muslim scholar to be awarded the prestigious King Faisal International Prize for Studies.

Some of her published books include "The Crusades; Islamic political thought; medieval and modern concepts of jihad; Arabic and Persian travel literature."

"The Crusades from a Western viewpoint have produced a very rich and abundant bibliography for more than a century. on the other hand, very few studies on the Muslim response to the Crusades have appeared. For the first time the subject is tackled here globally and an attempt is made to explain, through a deep analysis of the Arabic sources, the notices and aims of the Muslims... This work - which shows very clearly the impact which the Crusades have had in Islamic territory up until our own time - is a remarkable contribution t the history of relations between east and wets." Anne-Marie Edde, Univeristy of Reims

__3 main points__ 1. **Muslim Disunity** -death of Mohammad, Islam religion split into branches, shia &sunni, led to internal wars -little military response -unexpected attack from west -franks made overtures of peaceful handover of the city (maharrat), however the disunited citizens could not come to agreement, therefore the franks took the city by force -death of muslims -//success of first crusade// 2. **Aggressiveness of franks upon Muslims** -massacre of city of maharrat's population -took many prisoners killed 100,000-maharrat, 70,000-jerusalem -destroyed mosques, houses, walls of the city -extorted treasures -prevented access to water, -death of many 3. **Justification of the Franks** -religoius conquest, - slaughtered hundreds of thousands -muslims have only themselves to blame, disunity

__**Outline (Interview of Carole Hillenbrand)**__ Questions What made you write the crusades in the islamic perspective?**
 * Introduction
 * Limited translated information
 * muslim point of view incomplete
 * What drove the muslims to initially take over jerusalem?**
 * Death of Mohammed -split in islamic religion (shia, sunni)
 * expand their beliefs further into middle east
 * What was the Muslims initial response to the first crusade?**
 * apathy, compromise, and preoccupation with internal problems.
 * muslim disunity, little response
 * scholar Ibn Al-Athir
 * Did the Muslims expect this attack from the west?**
 * internal problems, unexpected invasion from west
 * Do you know of any previous attacks before they took over jerusalem?**
 * syrian city-maharrat al nu-man attacked
 * massacre of the city's population
 * muslim disunity
 * muslims not prepared to surrender peacefully, force was used
 * Aleppo al-adim's quote
 * What can you tell us about the fall of Jerusalem?** [[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/piao/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/piao/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-2.jpg]][[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/piao/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-3.jpg]]
 * Al-azimi's quote
 * targeting of individual religious figures by the franks[[image:file:///C:/DOCUME%7E1/piao/LOCALS%7E1/Temp/moz-screenshot-1.jpg]]
 * muslim accounts of fall no recognition of the franks -motivation, religoius, nor military coming
 * unexpected, out of the blue. wreaked havoc
 * Would you say the Franks were justified in their conquering during the first crusade?**
 * religious conquest, yet slaughtered hundreds of thousands -christian morals and values
 * concluding thanks**





Hillenbrand, Carole. __The Crusades__. 1. Routledge, 2000. Juma, Leila. "Muslim perspectives on the Crusades - through western eyes." 1. Oct 30 2008 . "The Crusaders Capture Jerusalem, 1099," EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2000). "//Reconciliation Walk: The Crusades,//" at: http://www.reconciliationwalk.org/crusades.htm David Sharrock, "//Nine hundred years later, a Christian apology for Crusades,//" The Guardian. Reprinted in The Globe and Mail, Toronto ON, 1999-JUL-5. "//The Catholic Encyclopedia: Crusades//," at: http://www.csn.net/advent/cathen/04543c.htm "[Gwynne Dyer,] Historian: Reconciliation walk has bad sense of history," Maranatha Pictures: www.abovetopsecret.com/forum/thread149406/pg1 http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/3/37/Al-aqsa-mosque01_cropped.JPG http://www.spongobongo.com/em/Bij9053.jpg
 * __Bibliography:__**