Peter+&+Chae+Won

Three questions:
1. What was pogrom? 2. Why were the Jews killed? 3. How did pogrom influence Europe?

Massive violent attacks against Jews dated all the way back to the [|Crusades]. One of the examples of massive discrimination was the Pogrom of 1096 which happened in Austria, France and Germany (the first to be officially recorded.)
 * General Statement: **

 ·  Pogrom : A form of [|riot] directed against a minor group (mostly religious), and characterized by destruction of their [|homes], [|businesses] , and religious centers. Historically, the term as used in English has very often been used to denote extensive [|violence] against the [|Jews].  ·  Anti-Semitism ( judeophobia ) : the [|prejudice] against or hostility toward [|Jews] as a group. (ex. Persecution of Jews during the Crusades, Holocaust)
 * Important/ Essential Vocabularies: **

 ·  It was thought that Jews were responsible for crucifixion and they were more visible than Muslim, thus Jews were perceived as enemy as much as the Muslims. -Many even wondered about why they were going through such trouble attacking the non believers instead of the Jews.  ·  Majority of Crusaders were motivated by their need of wealth and money which lead them to attack the Jews as well as to take away their wealth. -There were many money lenders among the Jews, and the Crusades found out that killing them off would bring them financial benefits.  ·  King ordered to kill any non believers along the way to the ME  -The Crusaders never considered Jews as one of them-for they had different custom and cultures than them. (anti-semitism)  **  ·   Due to the massive killing of the Jews**-** Deduction of the number of Jew in western Europe especially in Germany.  ·  Strengthened the faith in the Jewish hearts because when the Jews were killed, instead of changing religion to Christianity they had a higher morale and spirit towards their religion.  ·  Some Jews who were spared (from non anti- semitic crusaders) migrated from Eastern Europe to East- Jerusalem. Good points : No dress regulation, and the between the way Muslims ruled them and the Crusaders ruled them, the Jews preferred Crusader’s way more. And there was no progrom during the 200years when the Crusaders ruled them. ** ·  The anonymous chronicler of Mainz wrote : “At the time the [Jewish] communities in France heard [about these things], trembling… seized them. They wrote letters and sent messengers to all the communities around about the River Rhine, [to the effect] that they should fast…and seek mercy from Him who dwells on high, that He might save them from their hands. When the letter reached the holy ones in the land [of the Rhine], namely the men of renown … in Mainz, they responded [to their brethren in] France as follows: ‘The communities have decreed a fast. We have done that which was ours [to do]. May the Lord save us and may He save you from all sorrow and oppression [which might come] upon you. We are in great fear.’” (Persecution of Jews)
 * Reasons why the Jews were attacked: **
 * - **
 * How the Jews Pogrom affected the entire Europe:
 * Additional References/Direct Evidence:
 * Additional References/Direct Evidence:

 ·  1250 French Bible illustration depicts Jews (identifiable by [|Judenhut] ) being massacred by Crusaders. (Judenhut: a white hat worn by the Jews to distinguish them and the English.) (First Crusade) -->

 ·  "It is good that you march against the Muslims, but anyone who touches a Jew to take his life, is as touching Jesus himself. Radulf, my pupil, who said that the Jews should be destroyed, did not speak correctly. For it is written about them in the book of Psalms, 'Slay them not, lest my people forget.'" [Psalm 59:11] <span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol"> ·  The Chronicle of Solomon bar Simson gives a vivid description of the carnage in Mainz: The enemy arose against them, killing little children and women, youth and old men--all on one day. The priests were not accorded honor nor the elders grace; the enemy showed no mercy for babes and sucklings, no pity for women about to give birth. "Pogrom." __en.wikipedia.org__. 28 October 2008. Wikipedia. 2 Nov 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogrom>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: Batang; mso-fareast-language: KO"> "First Crusade." __en.wikipedia.org__. 27 October 2008. Wikipedia. 29 Oct 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Crusade>. (First Crusade) "Persecution of Jews in the First Crusade." __en.wikipedia.org__. 17 October 2008. Wikipedia. 29 Oct 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews_in_the_First_Crusade>. (Persecution of Jews) <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-language: KO"> "Jewish hat." __en.wikipedia.org__. 22 October 2008. Wikipedia. 2 Nov 2008 <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judenhut>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-language: KO"> Stein, Dr. S.D.. "Antisemitism, Christianity, Pogroms: Backcloth to Destruction." __www.ess.uwe.ac.uk__. 1, December, 2005. Faculty of Economics and Social Science. 2 Nov 2008 <http://www.ess.uwe.ac.uk/genocide/antisem15.htm>. "Crusading Distortions (I): The Anti-Jewish Pogroms of the First and Second Crusades ." __lorenrosson.blogspot.com__. 15, December, 2006. lorenrosson. 2 Nov 2008 <http://lorenrosson.blogspot.com/2006/12/crusading-distortions-i-anti-jewish.html>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-language: KO"> "Were the Crusades Anti-Semitic?." __IgnatiusInsight.com__. (C) 2008. Ignatius Press. 2 Nov 2008 <http://www.ignatiusinsight.com/features2006/vryan_jewscrusades_nov06.asp>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-language: KO"> "The Crusades." __www.pbs.org__. WGBH educational foundation. 2 Nov 2008 <http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/apocalypse/explanation/crusades.html>. <span style="FONT-SIZE: 16pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Malgun Gothic'; mso-fareast-language: KO">
 * Bibliography: **
 * Bibliography: **